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William Cheselden (1688-1752): He was an English surgeon and anatomist, known for his work in surgery and especially for his contributions to the field of ophthalmology and anatomy. Published Osteographia, or the Anatomy of Bones in 1733. This work was groundbreaking in that it was one of the first to provide detailed illustrations of the human skeleton, a crucial contribution to the field of anatomy. The book presented Cheseldenβs work on bones, particularly focusing on their structure and function, and it was influential in both medical and anatomical studies.
See it here (click):
- TABLE XXXVI – 0125
- TABLE XXXVI – 0126
- TABLE XXXVI – 0202
There is plate 36 (Table XXXVI) on three pages with each has it’s numbers:
- Table XXXVI – 0125, one with the text “THE fide view of the fceleton…”
- Table XXXVI – 0126, the other is skeleton with characters
- Table XXXVI – 0202, the third and last one is without characters
- TABLE XXXVI – 0125
- TABLE XXXVI – 0126
- TABLE XXXVI – 0202
TABLE XXXVI.
- THE fide view of the fceleton of a very robust man, put into this attitude to represent the figure in a larger fcale.
- A β The bones of the cranium: This refers to the skull bones that protect the brain and form the structure of the head.
- B β The bones of the face:Β These are the facial bones, including the maxilla (upper jaw), zygomatic bones (cheekbones), and others that form the structure of the face.
- C β The jaws: The mandible (lower jaw) and the maxilla (upper jaw), which house the teeth and play a crucial role in chewing and speech.
- D β The spinal processes of a vertebra of the neck: These are the bony projections from the vertebrae of the cervical (neck) region of the spine, which provide attachment points for muscles and ligaments.
- E β Scapula: The shoulder blades, which are crucial for arm movement and serve as the attachment points for several muscles in the upper body.
- F β Os humeri: The upper arm bones (humerus), extending from the shoulder to the elbow.
- G β Radius & ulna:Β The two bones of the forearm. The radius is on the thumb side, and the ulna is on the pinky side.
- H β The bones of the hand: The bones of the hand, including the carpals (wrist), metacarpals (palm), and phalanges (fingers).
- I β The ribs: The bones that form the ribcage, protecting vital organs like the heart and lungs.
- K β The cartilages of the sternum: These are the cartilage sections that connect the ribs to the sternum (breastbone), forming part of the ribcage.
- L β The spinal processes of the vertebrae of the loins: The bony projections from the lumbar (lower back) vertebrae, part of the spinal column that supports much of the body’s weight.
- M β M β Os innominatum: These are the hip bones (also called the innominate bones or pelvic bones). They include the ilium, ischium, and pubis, which are fused in adults.
- N β Os sacrum: The sacrum, a triangular-shaped bone at the base of the spine, which is formed by fused vertebrae and connects to the pelvis.
- O β Os femoris: The femur, or thigh bone, which is the longest and strongest bone in the body.
- P β Patella: The kneecap, which protects the knee joint and aids in the extension of the leg.
- Q β Tibia and fibula: The two long bones in the lower leg. The tibia (shinbone) is the larger and more weight-bearing bone, while the fibula is smaller and runs alongside it.
- R β The bones of the feet: These include the tarsals (ankle bones), metatarsals (foot bones), and phalanges (toes).
The inventiveness seen in the vignettes is likewise found in the decorated initials and the plates of entire human skeletons. Inspired by the meditative skeletons of Vesalius, Cheselden offers a lateral view of a skeleton kneeling in prayer (Tab. XXXVI), the pose chosen in order βto represent the figure in a larger scale.β In the Anatomy of the Human Body of 1740, the figure has been adapted for Tab. X and is shown with his arms tied behind his back. (-public domain review)
Long after he died, a band named Cirith Ungol, it gives the logo “Praying Skeleton” around 1977 until now. See the logos here in this site.
Sources
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- National Library of Medicine
- Historical Anatomies Home on the Web, bio antΓ© (French)
- The Public Domain Reviews
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